Indian Penal Code will replace with three new criminal codes from 1 July

Indian criminal justice system is set for a complete transformation today, as three new criminal codes will replace the entire set of British-era laws, including the Indian Penal Code.

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam will replace the Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, and Indian Evidence Act.

The government has stated that these changes aim to ensure faster justice and align the laws with contemporary times and modern forms of crime. Judgements must now be delivered within 45 days after the completion of a trial, and charges must be framed within 60 days of the first hearing.

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The new laws will enable any individual to file a Zero FIR at any police station, regardless of jurisdiction, and will allow for online registration of police complaints and electronic serving of summonses. They mandate videography of crime scenes for all serious offences and permit electronic serving of summonses, which will help speed up legal processes.

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Opposition parties argue that the decision to implement the new criminal laws from July 1 was rushed

Union Home Minister Amit Shah stated that the changes were made to ensure “speedy justice and justice for all.” He emphasised that proper implementation of these laws will require training and forensic teams, which are now mandated for offences carrying a sentence of seven years or more.

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New provisions have been introduced to address emerging crimes such as gang rapes, mob killings, and false promises of marriage. “This will increase the demand for forensic experts across the country, which the NFSU (National Forensic Science University) will cater to,” Mr. Shah said.

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Opposition parties, including the Congress, argue that the decision to implement the new criminal laws from July 1 was rushed. They believe more consultation was needed before enforcement.